![]() Some chips can even be programmed to vary fan speeds without any additional software intervention. From one of the very first hardware monitor chips that could be found in standard PCs, the National Semiconductor LM75 (and all of its clones, like the Philips NE1617 and the Philips NE1618 or the Maxim MAX1617) or the Analog Devices ADM1021, such chips have been greatly improved, both in their precision and in their capabilities.Ĭurrent chips can monitor fan speeds, voltages and control fan speeds by using PWMs (Pulse Width Modulation). Several sensors, like Winbond's and the AS99127F support fan speed changing, as well as others from Maxim, Myson, Analog Devices, National Semiconductor and ITE, but the hardware manufacturer must have connected the relevant pins to some additional, yet trivial, circuitry. SpeedFan can change the FSB on some hardware (but this should be considered a bonus feature). By properly configuring SpeedFan, you can let it change fan speeds based on system temperatures. SpeedFan monitor temperatures from several sources. SpeedFan works with Windows 9x, ME, NT, 2000, 2003, XP, Vista, Windows 7, 2008, Windows 8, Windows 10, Windows 11 and Windows Server 2012. What operating systems are compatible with SpeedFan? SpeedFan can also read S.M.A.R.T information from your hard drives, show CPU usage, chipset information, core temperatures, change clock speed, and analyze voltages. What other features does SpeedFan offer besides controlling fan speed? Once installed, SpeedFan will automatically detect if your hardware is compatible and advanced features are presented. SpeedFan is able to control the fan speed of most fan makes and models, but this will ultimately depend on your motherboard's sensor chip and capabilities. Can SpeedFan control the fan speed of any fan? SpeedFan is a hardware monitor software that can access temperature sensors, but its main feature is that it can control fan speeds – depending on the capabilities of your sensor chip and your hardware – according to the temperatures inside your PC, thus reducing noise and power consumption. ![]()
0 Comments
![]() ![]() The abundance of Fothads does more than just make me despair for 9th century naming conventions: it also exposes Thrones of Britannia’s statesmen as robots. But in practice the system is finicky and often arbitrary, the changes introduced in the August update not doing enough to make the system feel organic. The idea behind the statesmen system is solid: a way to simulate the shifting allegiances, tribal tensions, and lack of communication that typified the timeframe. This focus on country houses makes Thrones of Britannia sound less Total War and more Escape to the Country, but on multiple playthroughs I had to do more micromanagement of my own kingdom’s machinations than I did conquering. Stripped of their land, and emboldened by my failure to contain Fothad 3, others turned against me, tearing my kingdom up in a few short turns. The first two townships he took happened to hold the same estates that I’d doled out to my other statesmen, removing them from my - and their - control. I hadn’t counted on his downward trajectory through my kingdom, and hadn’t placed any still-loyal armies in his path. Fothad 3’s defection was a necessary sacrifice. The maths made that impossible: I only had a handful of houses, and if I gave away one of my own estates, the rest of my coterie would turn against me, unimpressed by a king who can’t spend his summers in six different bedrooms. He didn’t just want estates - he wanted more estates than everybody else. Other traits have been included, too, and some of my favourite characters decided they didn’t want any estates at all, but that wasn’t the case for Fothad 3. ![]() ![]() Some want to play priory with a religious holding, others want the farmland, while others just want the title. Where previously an estate was just a nice big house on some land, they now come in three flavours: religious, agricultural, and so-called “estate estates” (presumably named by Fothad himself, that one).īefore, doling out estates was a simple way to keep your peers in line, the process is now a little trickier, as Statesmen may also now have particular hankerings for certain kinds of estates. Estates were included in Thrones of Britannia at release, but the system was expanded upon in August's update. That left me trying to calm him down with the keys to a country estate. Thrones of Britannia offers ways to keep dissenting statesmen happy with cash - I could’ve arranged a marriage, raised my own influence, or just tried to buy him off - but I was too low on coin to spring for a bribe. He’d ridden up north at the head of an army I’d sent up to claim the Orkney Isles, but came down south as a turncoat, his time away apparently convincing him that he was a better ruler than my King Aed. But more important is loyalty: if a statesman starts to lose faith in the king - your player character - then they’ve got an increasingly good chance to rebel, spawning a stack of angry army men who will happily take all your towns while your back is turned. Selecting a good governor can drastically improve yields of both crops and cash in their assigned territory, while a good general, and the boosts they bring to morale, can make the difference between two evenly matched armies. That's even more the case after a major update, released in August, added new systems to complicate a game that at launch was surprisingly easy to win. But Thrones of Britannia, in attempting to present a tighter, more focused Total War campaign under the Saga banner, elevates the importance of the loyalties, capabilities, and predilections of these generals and governors, making their appointment and appeasement theoretically as important as good old fashioned conquest. In another Total War game I might ignore the names altogether, worried much less about individuals and much more about the armies they commanded or the provinces they governed. I know it’s the Dark Ages, guys, but can we come up with a few new names? It’s not just Fothads that I rack up on my playthrough of A Total War Saga: Thrones of Britannia, either: I also pick up two Amlaibs - one a general, one a governor - a surplus of Ailins, and I’m on my third Dubgall by the time I unite all of Scotland under my rule. I’ve actually got another two Fothads, just sat around in my kingdom’s court, the apparent result of some spectacularly uncreative naming conventions in 9th Century Scotland. It’s fine though, I’ve got another Fothad. Sound the horns, call in the bannermen, and prepare for the funeral rites. Update Night is a fortnightly column in which Rich McCormick revisits games to find out whether they've been changed for better or worse. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The small xp bottleneck at rank 4 forces players to try infusing in order to advance further, which means that everyone should understand the basics before they get too deep into the system. I think this is just about perfectly designed to allow players to progressively level up the system without significant bottlenecks. So the only bottleneck is at rank 4 where you have to have done a few infusions to move things along. You'll hit rank 10 and unlimited slots when you've subsumed about 24 warframes. Rank 7 unlocks another 20 slots, which would be another 60,000 xp available from subsume and feeding (more than you'll need). Subsume next 10 warframes and feed to maintain secretions: 10 x (1600 + 1400) = 30,000 xp.įor rank 7, you need an additional 23,625 of xp beyond level 4, so you have an excess of about 6,300 just from those 3 levels. Subsume first 3 warframes and feed to maintain secretions: 3 x (1600 + 1400) = 9000 xpįor rank 4, you need a cumulative total of 15,750 but you would only gain 12,600 with feeding and subsuming, meaning you have to either do infusions or overfeed to gain a little over 3,000 xp and unlock your next 10 slots. Find subsume similar words, subsume synonyms. See subsume meaning in Telugu, subsume definition, translation and meaning of subsume in Telugu. This unlocks your first 3 subsume slots and you're off to the races. What is subsume meaning in Telugu The word or phrase subsume refers to consider (an instance of something) as part of a general rule or principle, or contain or include. 3 feedings of all 6 secretions gets you to 90% across the board and gives you 3600 xp. ![]() To get to level 1 and unlock the first 3 slots, you need 2250 points. In a case like that, you have to overfeed a little bit and waste some secretions. For simplicity, I'm ignoring the bit of inefficiency you'll run into when you have, say 75% of a certain secretion but need 80% to subsume. ![]() You gain 200 xp each time you feed at maximum efficiency gaining 30 percentage points worth of secretions each time, which would be 7 feedings, on average for 1400 xp. This means no feeding resources just to gain experience and no abilities infused (unless you run out of subsume slots).Įach warframe subsumed grants 1600 xp and each subsume costs about 210 percentage points worth of secretions. 1800, as in subcontinent).So, here is the rough math, assuming that you are only subsuming warframes and feeding enough to allow you to subsume. The new treaty subsumes all past agreements. The prefix is active in Modern English, sometimes meaning "subordinate" (as in subcontractor) "inferior" (17c., as in subhuman) "smaller" (18c.) "a part or division of" (c. to include something in a larger group and cause it to lose its own individual character. The original meaning is now obscured in many words from Latin ( suggest, suspect, subject, etc.). La sociolingüística y la fonología se subsumen bajo la categoría de lingüística. In Old French the prefix appears in the full Latin form only "in learned adoptions of old Latin compounds", and in popular use it was represented by sous-, sou- as in French souvenir from Latin subvenire, souscrire (Old French souzescrire) from subscribere, etc. Sociolinguistics and phonology can be subsumed under the category of linguistics. In Latin assimilated to following -c-, -f-, -g-, -p-, and often -r- and -m. Word-forming element meaning "under, beneath behind from under resulting from further division," from Latin preposition sub "under, below, beneath, at the foot of," also "close to, up to, towards " of time, "within, during " figuratively "subject to, in the power of " also "a little, somewhat" (as in sub-horridus "somewhat rough"), from PIE *(s)up- (perhaps representing *ex-upo-), a variant form of the root *upo "under," also "up from under." The Latin word also was used as a prefix and in various combinations. ![]() ![]() png8Ī variant of the PNG format with 8-bit transparency and palette-based color. The output format in that case will match the input format. Setting fm=png when the input file is a PNG will serve as an alias to fm=png8 or fm=png32. The PNG file format is a common graphics format, often used for application assets. The PNG file format is a lossless format. The image will briefly appear pixelated and will sharpen focus as the rest of the data loads.īy using pjpg, you are guaranteeing progressive rendering for JPEG instead of letting imgix decide when to apply progressive or baseline encoding. With proper client-side display support, Progressive JPEGs can load an initial version of the image with only a portion of the image data. Progressive JPEG offers advantages over traditional JPEG files, including potentially smaller file sizes and faster perceived load times than typical baseline JPEGs. ![]() It does not support transparency or animation. The Progressive JPEG file format is a lossy format. To deliver a JPEG XR file lossless, set lossless=true in addition to fm=jxr.įor a list of browsers that support the JPEG XR format, please see the JPEG XR section on. JPEG XR supports higher compression ratios for encoding an image with equivalent quality (compared to JPEG). The JPEG XR file format is a lossy format, but also supports lossless compression. Depending on the parameters used to render the asset, imgix will choose the better of the two options. ![]() This is because progressive JPEGs are preferable to baseline JPEGs in terms of size and display speed, though in some cases (such as smaller images), baseline will be better. Note: In most cases, images rendered in imgix as JPEGs will use progressive encoding. See the q parameter for controlling the quality of the image. JPEG is one of the most common formats on the web. However, JPEG 2000 has been less widely adopted among browsers.įor a list of browsers that support JPEG 2000, please see the JPEG 2000 section on. It also degrades more gracefully than JPEG at lower bitrates. JPEG 2000 compresses slightly better than JPEG in many cases (roughly 10% for equivalent quality). The JPEG 2000 file format is a lossy format. If you’re interested in using imgix to optimize your animated GIFs, please contact our sales team. Premium Feature Animated GIF functionality is currently available to all Premium imgix customers. GIF files make use of limited color palettes. imgix supports both animated GIFs and static GIFs. The GIF image format is a file format popularized for its ability to create simple animations. It supports transparency, but only in a very limited capacity (1-bit). If WebP is not supported, imgix will fall back to the source image type or to any format specified by the fm parameter.Īt this time, animated AVIFs are currently not supported in Firefox and any animated AVIF returned to a Firefox browser will render as a static AVIF. If auto=format is set and the browser does not support the AVIF format, we'll first fallback to WebP if it is supported. This allows AVIF image files to be up to 50% lighter than JPEG files and up to 30% lighter than WebP files.įor a list of browsers that support AVIF, please see the AVIF section on. The advantage of AVIF is that the compression algorithms were originally developed for video in an image format. The AVIF image format provides greater reduction in file size when compared with JPEG, PNG and WebP formats. ![]() The AVIF image format is an image format which supports any image codec. The AVIF file format supports lossy and lossless image formats. Valid options are avif, gif, jp2, jpg, json, jxr, pjpg, mp4, png, png8, png32, webm, webp, and blurhash. The output format to convert the image to. ![]() ![]() ![]() Boost Your VMware Environment with the Latest Skyline Collector 3.3 and Skyline Advisor 6.Provision infrastructure in a remote environment that is optimized for the Terraform workflow. It eliminates the need for unnecessary tooling and documentation for practitioners, teams, and organizations to use Terraform in production. Transform your team’s collaboration with VMware Aria Operations 8.12 Terraform Cloud is HashiCorp’s managed service offering.Resolving Upgrade Issue: vRealize Suite Lifecycle Manager “No Update Instance Running”.Upgrading VMware Cloud Director Appliance 10.3 to version 10.4.2. ![]() System Administrator: Will have a place in the future? Search for: Recent Posts To see what type of storage is best for your company, at Baking Clouds, we have a team of IT experts who will analyse and see all your company’s storage needs and help you choose the best model. Still, for others, it will be more important that users can access information remotely. There will be companies that prioritise access speed more and that it is not necessary to use the Internet. This storage configurations are designed based in combination of cloud storage being used and customer requirements giving you the best of both options. When using cloud storage services is possible to have most used files cached locally for fast, local and offline access of most used files, a percentage of your total storage or selected folders. That depends on the needs of each company. As a rule of thumb, one can say that an ERP Cloud SaaS solution is ideal for smaller and less. Therefore, we cannot say that one is 100% better for a company than the other. So what to choose, cloud or local (on-premise) installation. In a company, this can also be done but on a large scale and smarter.Ĭloud Storage What is better local storage or cloud storage?Īs we have seen throughout the article, both local and cloud storage have their advantages and disadvantages. These are hard drives (HDD), solid-state drives (SSD), or external storage devices.įor example, a person at home saves their documents or photos on an external hard drive, a pen drive, or even on the hard drive inside their computer. Local storage consists of storing digital data on physical storage devices, which we can touch and see. Next, we will show the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. What storage option is the best for a business?Ĭompanies should choose the storage that best suits their needs. Companies can choose different forms of storage: local and Cloud. New technologies and the large volume of information that companies now have led to data collection infrastructure changes. It is vital to use an efficient data storage system in organisations. ![]() In addition, it will help companies to be able to manage it properly and get the best possible benefit from it. Having adequate storage is essential to keep the information safe and accessible for analysis to generate business value when needed. Information is the most valuable asset for all companies. ![]() ![]() ![]() Naturally, this is just a prediction and for the time being it’s impossible to say what the narrative leads at NeatherRealm could be planning.Īt this point, it’s impossible to say for certain what characters might be included in Injustice 3. More specifically it’s trying to work out which is the ‘true’ canon ending which might lead into Injustice 3, and what the various permutations could mean for the game moving forward. What will happen in Injustice 3? To get a sense of what to expect we suggest having a watch of the below video from History Behind The Warrior, which essentially looks at the two endings from Injustice 2 Story Mode. SPOILER WARNING FOR ANYONE WHO HASN’T PLAYED INJUSTICE 2 AFTERMATH “At the same time, you don’t have to use any of these Batman or Superman characters that might be tied up in licensing if you try to get rid of NetherRealm or sell it to whoever.” ![]() “It lines up with the reality and it lines up with what I’ve heard, where Mortal Kombat 12 would make the most sense because that’s a game they know will make money, it will sell well… Mortal Kombat 11 was great, it’s doing well, but if you come out with Mortal Kombat 12 it will also sell and do well,” Grubb said. ![]() Speaking on the Giant Bomb podcast, Grubb suggested that the ongoing uncertainty surrounding Warner Brothers Games, and the Merger with Discovery, led to NetherRealm changing projects or potentially abandoning any hope of working on an Injustice 3 project. However, according to VentureBeat reporter Jeff Grubb that could be about to change. As we’ve touched on before, that’s partly to do with NetherRealm’s pattern of flipping between each series. NetherRealm has refused to comment on the post, so we’ll just have to wait for an announcement from the studio.Ģ1 August 2021 – Many fans would rightly have assumed that the next project after Mortal Kombat 11 would be a new entry in the Injustice series. We certainly know how much Ed Boon loves to tease fans. ![]() Some fans believe this might have been a deliberate leak. Those fans willing to enhance the image further will also spot part of an email that reads “our fans eagerly scrape the internet for any trace … Take extra care with this material.” Eagle-eyed fans spotted that on his monitor was a file named MK12_Mast. All the most recent updates are found just below.Ģ8 January 2022 – Jonathan Andersen, a NetherRealm senior production manager may have revealed a big clue that the studio’s next game could be Mortal Kombat 12.Īndersen tweeted the image below before scrubbing it 10 minutes later. 14 September Update - Checked for the latest Injustice 3 news. It might even be a Marvel fighting game, which has been rumoured to also be on the cards and when you look at the rate of Studio’s currently working with Marvel Games on new titles, it wouldn’t be the craziest idea right now.įor now, we’ll assume Injustice 3 is up next and if you’re keen to know more about the potential project, we’ve got everything you need to know in one place, so keep reading. Whilst we do know that NeatherRealm Studios have been working on a new project since July 2021 – when the dev announced they were ending support for Mortal Kombat 11 – it’s still not entirely clear what this “next project” is. It goes without saying that there’s clearly an appetite for another entry in the Warner Bros DC Comics brawler, and there are certainly a lot of storylines yet to be resolved from the end of Injustice 2. Will NetherRealm Studios make Injustice 3? This is arguably one of the big questions currently being asked by the fighting game community right now, with many fans unsure on the state of the game in the midst of the Warner Bros Discovery merger. ![]() ![]() JN: We're launching party linens next spring, which could be used for everything from Grammys parties to weddings. I never thought I'd be an interior designer but at one point we thought, "Why are we writing about other people's stuff when we can just make it ourselves?" We are storytellers at heart, and if you are, you can take that to any realm. Neither of us went to journalism school or design school it was just learning on the job. John was at Parents and Ladies Home Journal. I started at House & Garden, and later was a television producer at the Food Network. JN: We worked our way up through magazines. ![]() When we really want to showcase what our vision is, we'll have people over for gin rickeys and dinner! There are fun stories to every piece in our house. ![]() I'd describe our style at home as easy, relaxed, unstuffy, with lots of history. Our house is really our brand come to life. At the time, we didn't have any licenses now we've gotten nine partnerships within four years. When we moved down here, it was just for the idea of spreading our wings. JN: The brand itself is about 10 years old. How does your home in High Point, which you bought and decorated four years ago, fit in with the growth of your brand? Madcap Cottage's new area rug designs rework classic cottage motifs and colors for contemorary homes. Just as performance fabrics have really come to the forefront in the textiles space, indoor/outdoor rugs are just as important. We also love using indoor/outdoor rugs in unexpected places. Right now we are really into Nichols rugs, we love their beautiful Art Deco chinoiserie patterns. Or we'll find a vintage rug and use it as inspiration for the room. JN: Rugs are so essential to the conversation happening in a room we think of the floor as just as important as the walls. ![]() When you're working on an interior design project, or even when you decorate your own home, how do area rugs fit into your design process? We did a whole bunch of rugs with funny sayings, like, "Children are wonderful but dogs don't have to go to college." I'm also excited about our fiber rugs, like Cloud Club, which is based on the décor of the club at the top of the Chrysler Building, and I can't wait to use it in a project. They're a nod to the past, really fun, but also a little bit naughty. JN: We're big fan of needlepoint, and we loved bringing the spirit of that lost art of needlepoint to a rug collection. We like to say, life is short, dream in color!Īny favorites or highlights in your area rug collection by Momeni? So whether you have kids, dogs, drink red wine, we wanted to offer the idea of easy, not fuss, no muss, but that looks great. And they're hard wearing: we have four rescue dogs, so we're not going to put anything in the marketplace that we can't enjoy and my dogs can't sit on. These rugs are sophisticated, rooted in history, and have a spirit of tradition to them, but they're also wonderfully layerable, and will put a smile on your face. We wanted to present things that aren't there already, and that are aspirational but affordable. We're tapping all of Momeni's capabilities, bringing a layer of English whimsy to the table. JN: Prints and pattern is our space, whether it's modern, traditional bohemian, industrial, and so on. What niche did you hope to fill in the area rug space with your Momeni collection? ![]() In licensing, that's the triumvirate you have to have.įretwork, Chinoiserie and quatrefoil motif layer beautifully in this new design from Madcap Cottage's Under a Loggia collection by Momeni, which is hand-hooked in polypropylene. So they had the design capabilities, the marketing capabilities, and the distribution channels. JN: What we liked about Momeni is that they can do anything, from natural fiber to indoor/outdoor to wool. ![]() ![]() INTEL DQ35JO RAID driver Type: INSTALLSHIELD Version: 9.6.0.1014 For: Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 7 64-bit, Windows Vista 64-bit, Windows XP 64-bit File size: 11.16 Mb Count views: 1213 Count downloads: 7.INTEL DQ35JO AMT SOL driver Type: ZIP Version: 5.4.0.1065 For: Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows Vista 64-bit, Windows XP 64-bit, Windows XP Media Center File size: 7.91 Mb Count views: 1222 Count downloads: 6.INTEL DQ35JO Management Engine driver Type: ZIP Version: 3.0.30.1086 For: Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows Vista 64-bit, Windows XP 64-bit, Windows XP Media Center File size: 1.6 Mb Count views: 1276 Count downloads: 23.INTEL DQ35JO Audio driver Type: MICROSOFT CAB SELF-EXTRACTING Version: 6106 For: Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 7 64-bit, Windows Vista 64-bit, Windows XP 64-bit, Windows XP Media Center File size: 84.68 Mb Count views: 1351 Count downloads: 63.INTEL DQ35JO BIOS Type: ZIP Version: 0954 For: BIOS File size: 6.49 Mb Count views: 1640 Count downloads: 119.INTEL DQ35JO Board ID Tool driver Type: PE SELF-EXTRACTING Version: 1.0.1 For: All Systems File size: 307 Kb Count views: 3160 Count downloads: 74. ![]()
![]() ![]() ![]() Once you know your BMR, the next step is to estimate how many calories your body burns each day. Step 2: Calculate Your Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) Likewise, when you gain muscle mass, your BMR will increase because it needs more energy to fuel muscles. It decreases when you lose weight because your body requires fewer calories to burn daily. Taller and heavier individuals typically have higher BMR. This means men generally have faster metabolisms or higher BMR. And the more mass you have, the more energy you need to sustain your body. Muscles require more energy to maintain compared to fat cells. ![]() The National Health Services (NHS) states men biologically have more muscle mass, less body fat, and higher bone density compared to women. Why is BMR different for men and women?īody composition is different for men and women. In this example, the woman's basal metabolic rate is 1,307.055 calories per day. Look at the example below to see how it's done.īMR = 655.1 + (4.35 × weight in pounds) + (4.7 × height in inches) – (4.7 × age in years) Women: BMR = 655.1 + (4.35 × weight in pounds) + (4.7 × height in inches) – (4.7 × age in years)įor a faster way to get your BMR, use the above calculator. Men: BMR = 66 + (6.2 × weight in pounds) + (12.7 × height in inches) – (6.76 × age in years) Only after can a specialist measure your oxygen and carbon monoxide levels to calculate your resting metabolic rate. This requires 24 hours of rest, including 12 hours of fasting and 8 hours of sleep. The most accurate way to measure BMR is still through a lab test. Take note: The formula is just an approximation. Benedict developed a BMR equation by simply plotting the following information: Manini, program director for Geriatric Informatics at the University of Florida. How is BMR related to muscle mass? BMR typically declines by 1% to 2% per decade after age 20, mostly because of muscle loss, according to research by Dr. Metabolism refers to all physical and chemical bodily processes that convert or expend energy. Healthline states RMR should still be an accurate estimate of the body's BMR. RMR slightly differs from BMR, with RNR including energy expended by simple daily movements. This includes breathing, blood circulation, cell production, and nutrient absorption.īMR is often used interchangeably with Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), which is the number of calories the body burns while at rest. What is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?īasal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy the body burns to accomplish basic life functions. Apart from tracking your metabolism, it allows you make smarter weight management strategies. This significantly lowers the body's resting metabolism, which makes people prone to weight gain and age-related diseases.īut the good news is you can calculate your basal metabolic rate. Aside from shedding excess fat, it's important to maintain muscles as you age.Īfter 30, adults start to lose 3% to 5% of muscle mass per decade. Arenas, published on September 14, 2019Īchieving a healthy weight means more than just losing pounds. Determining Basal Metabolic Rate for Healthy Weight Management ![]() ![]() Postoperative MRI demonstrated complete resection in all cases.Īpproaching purely subcortical tumors requires microsurgical skills, but in eloquent areas, functional topography monitoring is mandatory to allow safe surgery. The transient postoperative morbidity was 76.4%, but at last follow-up (range 4-20 months), all the patients regained preoperative status and 2 improved. ![]() When a transsulcal route was preferred, CSES documented the presence or absence of function in the deep sulcus. If the transgyral route was chosen, CSES helped to detect a non-eloquent area. Neuronavigation was used to show the most direct route to the tumor (transsulcal or transgyral), but CSES was fundamental to adapt the surgical corridor to the functional topography both cortically and subcortically. ![]() The main distance of the tumors from the cortical surface was 18.2mm (range 9-48 mm). Immediate postoperative MRI was used to evaluate the extent of resection. The Rankin modified score was chosen to express the pre and postoperative functional neurological status. Major white matter tracts were investigated by MRI diffusion tensor fiber tracking (DTI-ft). Functional magnetic resonance (fMRI either sensory-motor or language, based on the location) was performed in order to confirm the proximity to functional cortical areas. Prospective analysis of the surgical, neurological, and radiological outcome of patients harboring supratentorial, subcortically located brain tumors or vascular malformations who are operated on through awake surgery and CSES. ![]() To analyze the efficacy and safety of cortical and subcortical electrical stimulation CSES and awake surgery to approach purely subcortical tumors in highly functional locations, particularly in guiding the choice of the best transcortical path. ![]() |